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2.5.1 An Outline of the Human Brain

2.5.1.1 Overview

Following the mechanism of DNA, Human brain would be the matter of the second highest importance and intricacy of living things, while intelligence of humans on the Earth is quite deficient on the whole. In reference to the variation and deficiency of human intelligence on the Earth, mechanism of human brain should be learned.

2.5.1.2 Details

2.5.1.2.1 Outline of Human Brain

The human brain is housed in the skull along with colorless fluid and blood vessels. The weight of the human brain is about 1.3 kg on average. The volume is about 1200 cm³ on average. The brain is covered with 3 membranes called meninges. The colorless fluid protecting the brain and the blood vessels providing nutrients circulate between the outer membrane and the brain, while the brain is bathed in the colorless fluid. The colorless fluid is called cerebral spinal (cerebrospinal) fluid (CSF). The cerebral (brain) blood vessels consist of cerebral arteries, veins, and capillaries.
As far as the brain, Cerebrum dominating the upper part, Cerebellum resting at the rear bottom of the Cerebrum, and the lower part of Brainstem can be seen from outside. The volume of Cerebrum is about 80% of the brain. The volume of Cerebellum is about 10% of the brain. The volume of Brainstem is about 10% of the brain.
The Brainstem consists of Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain, in ascending order. Diencephalon locates on the upper side of the Brainstem, at the center of the brain, while the Diencephalon might be recognized as part of the Brainstem. The Diencephalon mostly consists of the Thalamus and the Hypothalamus. The Cerebrum mostly consists of left and right cerebral hemispheres. The left and right cerebral hemispheres are connected by Corpus Callosum.


The Human Brain in the Skull
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skull_and_brain_normal_human.svg


The Drifting Region of the Cerebral Spinal Fluid (light blue)
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0216_CerebrospinalSystem.png


Cerebral Arteries
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebrovascular_System.png


Meninges
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meninges-en.svg


Brainstem
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0114_BrainstemAnatomy.png


Diencephalon
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diencephalon_small.gif


Cross Section of Brain
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray715.png

* "Human Brain Wikipedia" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain

The Cerebrum is responsible for consciousness, the sense of vision, hearing, touching including thermo, smelling, and tasting, voluntary movement, memorizing, learning, language, speaking, and thought. The Cerebellum is mostly responsible for regulating voluntary movement. The Brainstem is mostly responsible for basic life support such as respiration, circulation, and digestion and relaying sensory signals.

The brain consists of cells called neurons (nerve cells) and glial cells. The neuron (nerve cell) is like a hairy cell and transmits signals. The glial cell is the general term for various types of the brain cells except for the neuron. The glial cell supports the neuron for example providing nutrition.

The form of the neuron is like shaggy hair with granular warts (lumps) as follows.


Realistic Depiction of the Neuron
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_of_a_Neuron_with_Synapse.png

The forms of various types of the glial cells are as follows.

Types of the Glial Cells
*Attribution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glial_Cell_Types.png

A Cerebrum contains about twenty billion (20,000,000,000) of neurons. A Cerebellum contains about a hundred billion (100,000,000,000) of neurons inspite of its volume being smaller than the Cerebrum. A Brainstem contains about a billion (1,000,000,000) of neurons. Neurons live about a hundred years on average, while new neurons wouldn't basically be formed after infancy. Grial cells are ten times as many as neurons.






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